JAMU
'Back
to nature' is not merely a slogan in Java and Indonesia. The visible proof is
the use of traditional herbal medicine of various type of 'medical plants',
either from the leaves, the fruits, the roots, the flowers or the barks, etc.
These herbal medicine had been used since the
ancient time up to now, it is largely consumed by people of different level;
lower, middle and upper, in the villages and in the big cities.
The study of jamu had been conducted by
Rumphius, a botanist as early as the year 1775 AD by publishing a book 'Herbaria
Amboinesis'. A scientific research for jamu by the research center of herbal
medicine in Bogor Botanical Garden, resulting a publication of a book 'Medical
Book for Children and Adults', composed by E. Van Bent.
The first seminar about jamu has been held in
Solo in 1940, followed by a Formation of Indonesia's Jamu Committee in 1944. In
the 1966, a seminar on jamu was held again. In 1981, a book by title of 'The
use of Medical Plants' was established to support the jamu industry in the
country.
The method of using the jamu remains the same
as the ancestors did. Some are consumed by drinking it and some are for outside
application.
At present one could buy easily ready made
jamu packed modernly in the form of powder, pills, capsules, drinking liquid
and ointments. Of course there are still jamu shops, which sell only
ingredients or prepare the jamu on spot as required by buyers. Some women are
roaming the street to sell jamu, is a common view across the country.
The traditional methods of making jamu such as
by boiling the prepared herbal ingredients (jamu godok) still prevail in
Javanese society. The popular traditional tools of making jamu are still
available in many Javanese houses such as; Lumpang (small iron Mortar),
pipisan, parut (grater), kuali (clay pot), etc.
What
kind of disease could jamu cure?
The reply is almost every disease, jamu could
cure. There are various kinds of jamu to combat different kind of illness. In
Principle there are two types of jamu; the first is jamu to maintain physical
fitness and health, the locally popular are Galian Singset (to keep women body
fit and slim) and Sehat Lelaki (to keep men body healthy). The second is jamu
to cure various kinds of illness. Except the above, there are special jamu
created with the purpose to maintain a loving family harmony. The popular
products among other are Sari Rapet, which makes a women sexual organ in a good
condition, as for the man the matched product is jamu Kuat Lekaki (strong man).
The Javanese are also taking a great care to pregnant women during pre and
postnatal period by producing the related jamu. There are also jamu for the
babies.
The
Herbs for Jamu
There are hundreds of herbs for jamu
prescriptions, among other are:
Spices
Ginger (Zingiber Officinale)
Lempuyang (Zingiber Oronaticum)
Temu Lawak/ Wild Ginger (Curcuma Cautkeridza)
Kunyit/ Tumeric (Curcuma Domestica)
Kencur/ Greater Galingale (Kaemferi Galanga)
Lengkuas/ Ginger Plant (Elpina Galanga)
Bengle (Zingiber Bevifalium)
Leaves
Secang (Caesalpinia Sappan Hinn)
Sambang Dara (Rexco Ecaria Bicolar Hassk)
Brotowali (Tiospora Rumpii Boerl)
Adas (Foeniculum Vulgare Mill)
Fruits
Jeruk Nipis/ Calamondin (Citrae Aurantifalia
Sivingle)
Ceplukan (Physalic Angulata Him)
Nyamplung (Calophylum Inaphyllu)
Barks
Kayu Manis/ Cinamon (Gijeyzahyza Glabra)
Flowers
Melati/ Yasmin (Jataninum Sunbac Ait)
Rumput Alang-alang (Gramineae)
It is worth to note that some jamu factories
in Java are exporting its products. Besides the export of ready made jamu, 25
kinds of herbal plants and ingredients are also in the list of export to
Europe, Australia, USA, Japan, etc.
No
Side Effects
The people like to consume jamu due to :
Availability
in many places
Comparatively
cheap price
No
side effects
TRADITIONAL
COSMETICS
The
Natural Beauty of Woman
A Javanese woman is very much concern for her
physical appearance to be always slim, beautiful with an alluring bright
smiling face.
As a Javanese idiom says "Ngadi
Sarira" to maintain the body to be always in perfect condition is of prime
important. The way of life of a Javanese is greatly influenced by the royal
culture. Not surprisingly that the art of "Keeping Beauty' is originated
from the court palaces.
The
Secret of a Princess Beauty
The Ladies of the Royal Families have a
reputation to inherit the beauty of goddesses from paradise.
As told in the story of wayang (leather
puppet) by the dalang (puppet master) , all parts of a princess body is always
perfect and alluring: the beautiful black thick hair, a smooth skin, bright
eyes, charming eye brows, eye lids and nose, bright reddish lips, white nicely
teeth, wonderful built neck and shoulder, beautiful hands and arms, a waist
like the one of a bee meanings slim and perfectly built.
The dalang with a clear deep voice, like in
the poem reading adores the beauty of a princess with a thousands of words. It
seems that all words of a complete dictionary are not enough to express of what
a wonderful beauty a princess has.
The
use of Traditional Jamu and Cosmetics
Nowadays, some secrets of this Karaton
(Palaces) culture of "Ngadi Sarira" are known by many women from
outside the Karaton walls. The Jamu is widely used to give an inner beauty, due
to a good physical health.
Some of the products are consumed directly by
eating it, for instance Kepel Fruit (a brown fruit of a chicken egg size), it's
a natural deodorant. By eating it that would fragrant the odor of the body even
the urine smells the fragrance of that fruit.
Jambu
Mawar ( a kind of rose apple, mawar means a flower of rose) gives a fresh smell
of breath. Some cosmetics are for outside application such as bedak dingin
(cool powder) and lulur (scrubbing powder).
Beauty
Care
Every woman is always proud of her hair –
thick and shining, color and style. For natural shampooing, the ash of rice
stalks work as a shampoo to clean the hair. After being washed by water,
ingredients consist of
coconut
milk, jeruk purut (a kind of citrus fruit smells like a lime ) and pandanus
leaves are to be applied. It functions as a conditioner to clean the dandruff.
The hair then washed by water again, to be dried while vaporizing with ratus
fragrance.
Finally, a hair oil by the name of cemceman,
made of coconut oil with pandanus , kenanga flower, jeruk purut etc. is
applied.
Skin
Care
For face caring, bedak dingin (cool powder) is
applied. It's made from tendered rice with special ingredients, such as
pandanus, kenanga flower etc.
For other parts of the body, lulur is applied,
popularly known as mandi lulur (lulur bathing).
Lulur is also made from tendered rice,
pandanus, some leaves of kemuning (with yellow color) and some medicinal roots.
The lulur should stimulate the body to throw out the dead cells, replace it
with new ones, stimulate blood circulation under the skin, smooth the skin and
at the same time scents it.
Steaming
the body
Steams of several boiled herbs are applied to
ensure body freshness, including the woman organ. The steaming took about a ½
hour.
Producers
Besides the traditional cosmetics made by hand,
in the country there are some big and well known manufactures of cosmetics,
using modern machinery. These products are used widely across the country, even
this cosmetics have been exported to many countries of the world.